Strabismus – Squint in Children, commonly referred to as squint, is a condition observed in children where the eyes fail to align in the same direction simultaneously. This misalignment can stem from complications related to the eye muscles, nerves, or inadequate vision. Symptoms associated with this condition include misaligned eyes, double vision, and challenges in focusing. While transient crossing of the eyes is typical in newborns, any persistent misalignment that lasts beyond a few months necessitates medical attention. Treatment alternatives vary based on the underlying cause and severity of the condition and may include corrective glasses, eye exercises, patching, or surgical intervention. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for achieving optimal outcomes.
Symptoms
- Misaligned eyes: One eye turns inward, outward, upward, or downward.
- Double vision (diplopia): The child may see two images of the same object.
- Difficulty focusing: Problems with reading, playing, or focusing on distant objects.
- Eye strain or headaches: The eyes may feel tired or achy.
- Head tilt: The child may tilt their head to see better.
- Reduced depth perception: Difficulty with tasks that require judging distance.
Causes
- Refractive errors:
Conditions such as farsightedness, nearsightedness, or astigmatism can contribute to squinting.
- Weak eye muscles: The muscles that control eye movement are not coordinated.
- Poor vision:
An eye with significantly diminished vision may not be utilized properly by the brain, resulting in squinting.
- Nerve or brain disorders:
Conditions like cerebral palsy, Down’s syndrome, or other neurological issues can disrupt eye coordination.
- Other eye diseases:
Conditions such as cataracts or tumors in the eye can impair vision and lead to squinting.
Treatment and when to seek help
- Early detection is key:
Due to a critical period for the development of the eye-brain connection, it is essential to have a child’s eyes examined by a healthcare professional, preferably before the age of three, to allow sufficient time for correction.
- Corrective lenses:
Glasses can rectify refractive errors and enhance focus, occasionally aligning the eyes.
- Patching (occlusion therapy):
The stronger eye is occluded to compel the brain to engage and strengthen the weaker, squinting eye.
- Eye exercises:
Specific exercises may be recommended to improve eye muscle coordination.
- Surgery:
If other treatments are not effective, surgery on the eye muscles may be necessary.
When to see a doctor
- If you notice persistent eye misalignment in a baby older than 3-4 months.
If you see any additional symptoms, including frequent eye strain or tilting of the head.
It is also advisable for all children to undergo an eye examination by the age of 3 to 3 and a half.
