What is Corneal Ulcer (Keratitis)?

A corneal ulcer, also known as keratitis, refers to an erosion or an open sore on the cornea, which is the thin, transparent structure of the eye responsible for refracting light.

Should the cornea become inflamed as a result of infection or injury, an ulcer may develop

Symptoms of Corneal Ulcer (Keratitis)

• Redness
• Pain
• Watering
• Gritty sensation
• Blurry vision
• Discharge
• Burning
• Itching
• Light sensitivity

Causes of Corneal Ulcer (Keratitis)

Contact lenses – Impure solution, inadequate hygiene, excessive use, sleeping while wearing contact lenses, utilizing tap water, or swimming with contact lenses in place. Prolonged wear of lenses restricts oxygen flow to the cornea, rendering it vulnerable to infections.

1) Trauma – Chemical damage, thermal burn, bee sting, animal tail, cosmetic or plant material such as a tree branch, sugarcane

2) Post-surgery – Delayed healing, loose sutures

3) Lid deformities – The inward or outward turning of the eyelid, the misdirection of eyelashes that continuously rub against the cornea, and the incomplete closure of the eyes

4) Decreased nerve supply to the cornea – Observed in individuals with diabetes and patients suffering from Bell’s palsy

Allergic conjunctivitis

Vitamin A deficiency

Prolonged use of eye drops –

corticosteroids

5) Severe dry eyes – Caused by medical conditions like diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorder, vitamin A deficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Risk factors of corneal ulcer (keratitis)

• Injury or chemical burns
• Eyelid disorders that prevent proper functioning of the eyelid
• Dry eyes
• Contact lens wearers
• people who have or have had cold sores, chicken pox or shingles
• Abuse of steroid eye drops
• Diabetics

Corneal Ulcer (Keratitis) Prevention

• Do not sleep with contact lenses on
• Do not overuse contact lenses
• Wash your hands before putting the lenses
• Advised to use daily disposable lenses
• Do not use tap water as lens solution
• While riding a bike, wear eye protection or visor to prevent foreign bodies from entering the eye.
• Do not rub your eye
• Proper instillation of eyedrops. The nozzle of the eye drop bottle should not touch the eye or the finger
• Use artificial tears in case of dry eyes
• Wear protective eyewear when working with wood or metals, especially when using a grinding wheel, hammering on metal, or welding.
• Do not use over-the-counter eye drops

Types of corneal ulcer (keratitis)

Multiple organisms are responsible for development of a corneal ulcer (keratitis).

The types of corneal ulcer (keratitis) are –

·         Bacterial – Scratches or abrasions caused by fingernails, paper cuts, or makeup brushes on the cornea, if not treated, can result in an ulcer. This condition is frequently observed in individuals who wear contact lenses for extended periods.

·         Fungal – Damage to the cornea caused by any organic material or incorrect application of steroid eye drops

·         Viral – The virus responsible for chickenpox and shingles is also capable of causing ulcers.

·         Parasitic – Infection resulting from exposure to fresh water, soil, or prolonged use of contact lenses.

Corneal ulcer (keratitis) Diagnosis 

The ulcer undergoes a meticulous examination using slit lamp microscopy to assess its size, shape, margins, sensation, depth, inflammatory response, hypopyon, and the presence of any foreign objects. A fluorescein dye is applied to stain the ulcer to improve visibility of its characteristics and to detect any leakage.

The debridement of the ulcer is crucial for microbiological assessment to determine the causative organism. Following the application of an anesthetic drop in the eye, the edges and the base of the ulcer are scraped using a sterile disposable blade or needle. These samples are then stained and cultured to identify and isolate the organism. Additionally, scraping the ulcer facilitates improved absorption of the eyedrops.

If the patient wears contact lenses, those lenses will be forwarded for microbiological assessment. Random blood sugar levels will be monitored. Should the sugar levels be uncontrolled, a consultation with a diabetologist will be sought, as this can impact corneal wound healing. A gentle ultrasonography of the affected eye will be performed to assess for any posterior segment pathology.

Corneal Ulcer (Keratitis)Treatment:

Based on the laboratory findings, treatment will commence. Antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals are administered in the form of tablets and eye drops, depending on the identified causative agent. In instances of significant or severe corneal ulcers (keratitis), fortified eye drops are initiated, which are formulated from available injectable solutions. This treatment is supplemented with oral analgesics, cycloplegic eye drops to alleviate pain, anti-glaucoma eye drops to lower intraocular pressure, and artificial tears. The frequency of administration is determined by the size of the ulcer. The use of corticosteroids is strictly forbidden in cases of fungal corneal ulcers (keratitis). Nevertheless, they may be considered for other types of ulcers at a later stage, but only with extreme caution and under close supervision.

In the event of a minor perforation, a tissue adhesive glue is applied to the perforation under sterile conditions, followed by the placement of a bandage contact lens to seal the perforation. Bandage contact lenses are also utilized in instances of recurrent epithelial erosions to promote better healing. Patients with eyelid deformities that result in an ulcer require corrective surgical procedures. If the corneal ulcer (keratitis) is caused by an eyelash growing inward, the problematic lash must be removed along with its root. Should it regrow abnormally, the root may need to be destroyed using a low-voltage electrical current. In situations where there is improper or incomplete eyelid closure, a surgical fusion of the upper and lower eyelids is performed. Additionally, small perforations can be treated with patch grafts, which involve taking either a full thickness or partial thickness graft from a donor cornea and anchoring it over the site of the perforation.

In cases of non-healing ulcers, surgical intervention becomes necessary. An amniotic membrane graft is applied to the cornea in a sterile environment to promote thickness and facilitate healing. Nevertheless, for larger perforations or significant scarring, corneal transplant surgery is performed, which entails the surgical excision of the affected corneal tissue and its replacement with healthy donor tissue.

Book appointment with an Ophthalmologist:

• If noticing decrease in vision
• Redness and foreign body sensation 
• Discharge 
• White spot forming in front of the eye

The post Corneal Ulcer first appeared on LasikVision.

Risks and Complications of LASIK Surgery

Undergoing LASIK surgery to enhance your vision is a significant choice. Although the prospect of not relying on glasses or contact lenses is thrilling, it is crucial to comprehend the potential risks and complications involved. If you are considering LASIK in Mumbai, selecting the Best LASIK surgeon in Mumbai is essential for ensuring a safe and effective procedure. This guide aims to provide you with information about LASIK, enabling you to make an informed decision regarding your eye care

Introduction to LASIK Surgery

Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis, widely referred to as LASIK, is a well-known surgical technique aimed at correcting prevalent vision issues such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. By altering the shape of the cornea—the transparent front part of the eye—laser treatment enhances how light rays are focused onto the retina, thereby improving visual clarity.

How Does LASIK Work?

The procedure entails the creation of a thin flap in the cornea, accomplished either with a microkeratome blade or a femtosecond laser. This flap is gently lifted, and a specialized excimer laser is employed to reshape the underlying corneal tissue. After the cornea has been appropriately reshaped, the flap is repositioned, serving as a natural bandage during the recovery phase.

Immediate Post-Surgery Expectations

Following LASIK, patients may encounter:

 • Dry Eyes: A frequent side effect of LASIK eye surgery, where the eyes may feel gritty or uncomfortable. This condition usually resolves over time but can be alleviated with lubricating eye drops.

 • Visual Disturbances: Some individuals may perceive halos, glare, or double vision, particularly in low-light conditions. These symptoms typically improve as the eyes heal.

 • Discomfort: Mild irritation or a burning sensation is common right after the procedure but generally diminishes within a few days.

Potential Risks and Complications

While LASIK has a commendable success rate, it is essential to recognize the possible complications:

 • Permanent Side Effects of LASIK Eye Surgery: In uncommon cases, the side effects of LASIK eye surgery may manifest as ongoing dry eyes or long-lasting vision disturbances. These complications can affect daily activities and overall eye comfort.

 • Overcorrection or Undercorrection: The laser may inadvertently remove an excessive or insufficient amount of corneal tissue, resulting in suboptimal vision correction. Additional surgical intervention may be necessary to achieve the desired results.

 • Flap Complications: Problems such as infection or excessive tearing may occur if the corneal flap is not correctly formed or repositioned.

• Regression: Over time, some patients may observe a return of their vision to pre-LASIK levels, which may require further corrective actions.

• LASIK is not appropriate for everyone. Individuals with the following conditions should proceed with caution or explore alternative treatments:
• • Unstable Vision: Those whose vision prescription has undergone significant changes in the past year.
•  • Severe Dry Eyes: Pre-existing dry eye conditions may worsen due to LASIK.
• • Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus can hinder the healing process.
• • Pregnancy or Nursing: Hormonal changes can influence vision stability.
• • Thin or Irregular Corneas: A cornea that is excessively thin or irregular can render LASIK unsafe, as adequate thickness is essential for a successful procedure.

LASIK Eye Surgery Risk Percentage

Research shows that significant complications arising from LASIK are infrequent. Nevertheless, minor side effects tend to occur more frequently:

• Dry Eyes: About 20% to 40% of individuals may experience temporary dry eyes following the surgery.

• Visual Disturbances: As many as 20% could observe halos or glare soon after the operation.

It is crucial to consult with a qualified ophthalmologist to discuss personal risk factors and gain a clearer understanding of individual risk percentages.

LASIK Eye Surgery Recovery Time

Recovery experiences differ from person to person, but typical timelines are as follows:

 • First 24-48 Hours: The majority of patients observe an enhancement in their vision, although some blurriness may still be present.

 • First Week: Many individuals can return to their regular activities, but it is recommended to refrain from engaging in strenuous exercise or swimming.

• 1 to 3 Months: Vision continues to become more stable, with most side effects diminishing during this timeframe.

• 6 Months: The final vision results are generally reached. Adhering to post-operative care guidelines is crucial for ensuring a smooth and successful recovery.

Is LASIK Surgery Safe?

When conducted on appropriate candidates by skilled surgeons, LASIK surgery is both safe and effective. However, as with any surgical intervention, it does entail certain risks. Comprehensive pre-operative assessments and the choice of a qualified surgeon can greatly reduce these risks.

LASIK Surgery Age Limit

Although there is no definitive age restriction for LASIK, there are several age-related factors to consider:

• Under 18: It is generally not advised due to the potential for unstable vision.

• 18 to 40: Individuals within this age range are often considered ideal candidates, assuming they possess stable prescriptions.

 • Over 40: The onset of presbyopia (age-related farsightedness) may require further evaluation. Discussions regarding alternative procedures or monovision LASIK may be warranted.

• Over 60: The likelihood of developing conditions such as cataracts increases, which can affect the decision-making process regarding LASIK.

Alternatives: Laser Treatment for Eyesight

For individuals who are not candidates for LASIK, alternative laser vision correction options consist of:

 • Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK): This procedure entails the removal of the outer layer of the cornea prior to reshaping it. It is appropriate for those with thin corneas.

 • Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE): This is a minimally invasive technique that is suitable for specific levels of nearsightedness.

 Each of these alternatives presents unique advantages and factors that should be reviewed with an eye care specialist.

LASIK Eye Surgery Cost

The cost of LASIK eye surgery is influenced by several factors, including the surgeon’s expertise, the technology employed, and the geographical area. In Mumbai, the prices typically range from ₹25,000 to ₹80,000 for each eye. It is essential to confirm that the quoted price encompasses pre-operative assessments, the surgical procedure, and post-operative care.

 Choosing the Best LASIK Surgeon in Mumbai

Choosing a qualified and experienced surgeon is crucial. Factors to consider include:

• Credentials and Experience: Verify that the surgeon is board-certified and has significant experience in conducting LASIK procedures.

 • Patient Feedback: Reviews and testimonials can offer valuable insights into patient satisfaction and results.

• Equipment and Facilities: State-of-the-art technology and a clean environment are signs of a reputable clinic.

 Conclusion

LASIK surgery presents the potential for enhanced vision and a decreased reliance on corrective eyewear. However, it is essential to understand the possible risks and complications involved. If you are contemplating LASIK surgery in Mumbai, selecting the top LASIK surgeon in Mumbai is vital for ensuring safety and achieving the best outcomes. By conducting comprehensive research and seeking advice from qualified professionals, individuals can make well-informed choices that correspond with their vision objectives and overall eye health.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

 1. Is LASIK surgery painful? No, LASIK is typically painless. Numbing eye drops are administered, and patients may only experience a slight sensation of pressure during the procedure.

 2. How long does LASIK surgery take? The actual laser treatment takes approximately 10-15 minutes for both eyes, while the complete process, including preparation, requires about 30-45 minutes.

3. Can LASIK completely remove the need for glasses? In most instances, LASIK greatly diminishes or eliminates the necessity for glasses. However, some individuals may still require glasses for specific activities, particularly as they grow older.

4. When is it safe to resume work after LASIK? The recovery duration varies for each individual, but most people can return to work within a few days. It is crucial to adhere to your doctor’s specific guidance for a smooth recovery.

 5. What if my vision changes after LASIK? Although LASIK results are generally enduring, vision may alter due to aging or other influences. In certain situations, enhancement procedures might be necessary.

The post Risks and Complications of Lasik first appeared on LasikVision.

Face paint, shimmering eyeshadow, and lengthy, vibrant eyelash extensions. While they may appear to be a benign method of enhancing your Halloween attire, improper application of certain cosmetic products available at your local drugstore could lead to harmful eye infections. Keep these guidelines in mind for the safe application of makeup and cosmetics in the eye area.

Eye Makeup Safety Tips

Adhere to these fundamental guidelines to safeguard your eyes during makeup application. Should you have inquiries regarding your cosmetic regimen, or if you possess an eye condition that necessitates particular attention, consult your physician

Avoid Glitter Eye Makeup

Exercise caution when using metallic, glitter, sparkle powder, or face paint. Particles may fall into the eye, enter the tear film, and cause irritation. Glitter eye makeup frequently leads to corneal irritation or infection, particularly among contact lens wearers. Larger glitter pieces or inclusions in cosmetics can scratch the eye, similar to the sensation of having sand or dirt in the eye. When applying face paint, ensure that you steer clear of the lash line.

Applying Faux Eyelashes

Eyelash extensions can be safely applied when performed by a qualified professional. The majority of eyelash extensions are affixed using tweezers along with a specially designed, semi-permanent adhesive. Additionally, there are magnetic eyelashes that are applied using an eyeliner containing small magnetic particles.

Both magnetic and adhesive lashes may cause irritation to the delicate skin surrounding the eyes or could potentially come into contact with the eye and scratch the cornea if not applied correctly. To minimize the risk of these potential issues, it is advisable to wear false lashes solely for special events and ensure that a professional applies them. Should you encounter any discomfort, it is important to consult an ophthalmologist immediately. There are numerous factors to take into account regarding eyelash extensions, which is why we have created an entire article dedicated to the safe application of eyelash extensions.

How to Avoid Eye Infection

• Only utilize cosmetics specifically formulated for application around the eyes. Steer clear of products that include untested or harsh chemicals.

• Discard eye makeup after a period of three months and acquire new products. Bacteria that can cause infections thrive easily in creamy or liquid eye makeup.

 • Prior to applying makeup, ensure that your face and eyelids are thoroughly clean.

• Always apply makeup outside the lash line, away from the eye, to prevent obstructing the oil glands of the upper or lower eyelid. These glands produce oil that safeguards the surface of the eye.

 • Refrain from sharing eye makeup, even with family members or close friends.

• When testing makeup in retail environments, utilize only fresh applicators and samples that have not been tainted by multiple users. The most prudent option is to avoid store samples entirely.

• If you experience an eye infection, such as conjunctivitis, promptly dispose of all your eye makeup and refrain from using eye makeup until the infection has resolved.

How to Avoid Allergic Reactions

• Introduce only one new eye makeup or care product at a time, particularly if you are prone to allergic reactions. Refrain from adding another new product until you have confirmed that you are not reacting to the initial one.

• If you observe an allergic reaction to makeup:

o Identify the ingredients so you can be cautious of them in other products. o Inform your doctor. Your doctor may be aware of products that are likely to cause reactions, as well as gentler alternatives.

How to Avoid Eye Injury

• It is advisable to refrain from applying makeup while the vehicle is in motion.

 • In the event that your eyelashes become clumped due to mascara or any other product, avoid using sharp objects to separate them, as this may result in injury to your eye.

 • Should you have undergone recent eye surgery, it is important to avoid wearing makeup around the eye area until your ophthalmologist confirms that it is safe to do so.

What About Heated Eyelash Curlers?

Heated eyelash curlers can offer a longer-lasting lift compared to their mechanical counterparts. However, excessive heat near the eyes poses significant risks. It may lead to lash loss, harm the skin surrounding the eyes, or even injure the eyes themselves.

“Human skin can endure first-degree burns at 118 degrees Fahrenheit and second-degree burns at 131 degrees. Given that the skin on the eyelids is particularly delicate, it is more susceptible to damage at lower temperatures,” stated Natasha Herz, MD, a clinical spokesperson for the American Academy of Ophthalmology. These devices typically operate within a temperature range of 100 degrees to over 200 degrees Fahrenheit. “An additional concern arises if the user’s hand is unsteady or inadvertently makes contact with something, resulting in the curling iron touching the conjunctiva or cornea. This could lead to a thermal injury that, at a minimum, would require a week to heal. If a burn occurs in the center of the cornea, directly over the pupil and within the line of sight, it may result in a scar that could lead to permanent vision loss.

If you are using a heated eyelash curler, here are some safety tips to keep in mind:

• Check the exact temperature of each setting and start with the lowest temperature possible
• Be careful not to pull too hard on the lashes
• Do not repeatedly go over the same area multiple times; this can cause heat damage
• Avoid using this product if you have sensitive eyes. If you’re unsure if this product is right for you, talk to your ophthalmologist

What About Latisse?

Latisse is a prescription medication designed to enhance eyelashes. It is applied along the lash line to encourage the development of longer and thicker eyelashes. There are potential side effects to consider, which is why it is only obtainable through a prescription.

You may have encountered non-prescription beauty products for eyelash enhancement available in retail stores, but Latisse remains the sole eyelash growth product that has received FDA approval. As these alternative products have not undergone FDA testing, their safety and effectiveness in promoting eyelash growth have not been officially validated. The most reliable way to ensure the safe use of eyelash growth products is to seek advice from an ophthalmologist prior to use.

How to Remove Makeup From Around the Eyes

It is essential to remove all eye makeup before going to bed, particularly mascara, as it can adhere to the eyelashes. Failure to remove eye makeup adequately may result in irritation. For instance, a 50-year-old woman who consistently slept with mascara on for over 25 years experienced the development of painful black lumps beneath her eyelids, ultimately resulting in follicular conjunctivitis.

• Vaseline is a very effective makeup remover. It’s lubricating, soothing to skin and helps makeup slide off without unnecessary tugging and pulling.
• Baby shampoo is an inexpensive and ophthalmologist-recommended product for washing eyelids and the area around the eyes. These ‘tear-free’ soaps are often recommended to people prone to styes, chalazia and blepharitis for washing their eyes.
• Whatever eye makeup remover you use, avoid getting it in your eyes.
• Thoroughly rinse any remover off your eyelids.
• Brush a clean cotton swab along the base of the eyelashes to remove all makeup remnants.
• Be especially careful with exfoliating scrubs and don’t use them around your eyes. Cleansers with scrubbing beads or gritty additions can scratch and irritate your eyes.
• Be gentle with your eyelashes and the delicate areas around your eyes. Eyelashes are important for keeping dust and dirt out of your eyes. They also keep your eyes from drying out by blocking air movement over your tear film.

The post Eye Makeup and Eye Care first appeared on LasikVision.

Eye floaters are visual disturbances that appear as spots in your field of vision. They may resemble black or gray dots, threads, or cobweb-like structures. These floaters tend to move when you shift your gaze. When you attempt to focus on them directly, they seem to dart away.

The majority of eye floaters result from age-related changes in the jelly-like substance (vitreous) within your eyes, which becomes liquefied and shrinks over time. This process leads to the formation of scattered clumps of collagen fibers in the vitreous, which can cast small shadows on your retina. The shadows that you perceive are referred to as floaters.

Should you experience a sudden increase in the number of eye floaters, it is crucial to consult an eye specialist without delay — particularly if you also observe flashes of light or experience vision loss. These symptoms may indicate a medical emergency that necessitates immediate attention.

Diagnosis

Your eye care professional will perform a thorough eye exam to identify the source of your eye floaters. Typically, this exam involves eye dilation. Eye drops are used to widen (dilate) the dark center of your eye, enabling your specialist to get a clearer view of the back of your eyes and the vitreous.

Treatment

Most eye floaters don’t need treatment. However, if there’s an underlying medical issue causing the floaters, like bleeding from diabetes or inflammation, that should be addressed.

Eye floaters can be annoying, and it may take a while to get used to them. Once you realize that the floaters won’t lead to further issues, you might find that you can ignore them or notice them less frequently over time.

 In rare cases where floaters obstruct your vision, you and your eye care professional might explore treatment options. These can include surgery to remove the vitreous or using a laser to break apart the floaters, though both procedures are quite uncommon.

• Surgery to remove the vitreous. 

A retina and vitreous surgeon, also known as an ophthalmologist, performs a vitrectomy by making a small incision to remove the vitreous gel from the eye. This gel is then replaced with a solution that helps maintain the eye’s shape. It’s important to note that while surgery may reduce some floaters, it may not eliminate all of them, and it’s possible for new floaters to form afterward. Potential risks associated with a vitrectomy include infection, bleeding, and tears in the retina.

• Using a laser to disrupt the floaters. a

An ophthalmologist directs a specialized laser towards the floaters present in the vitreous (vitreolysis). This procedure may fragment the floaters, rendering them less conspicuous. Some individuals who undergo this treatment report enhancements in their vision, while others observe minimal or no change. The potential risks associated with laser therapy include the possibility of retinal damage if the laser is misdirected.

The post Eye Floaters first appeared on LasikVision.

Refractive errors

A refractive error represents the most prevalent issue concerning vision. When the eye’s shape is irregular, it fails to bend (or refract) light correctly, resulting in blurred vision.

The most common types of refractive errors are:

• Long-sightedness (hypermetropia) – causing blurred close and distance vision.
• Short-sightedness (myopia) – causing blurred long-distance vision.
• Astigmatism – causes an uneven focus of light and blurred vision.
• Presbyopia – the eye lens loses flexibility, making close work difficult. This is most common with people over 40 years of age.

These errors can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.

Cataracts

A cataract refers to the clouding of the eye’s lens. Typically, the lens is transparent. Cataracts may affect one eye or both. While cataracts primarily develop in older individuals, they can also occur in younger people, and in rare instances, infants may be born with a cataract, known as a congenital cataract.

Initial cataracts can be detected during an examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist, and optimal vision may be attained by modifying the prescription of prior distance glasses.

In the early stages, cataracts may occur simultaneously with the requirement for distance glasses for the first time in approximately 30% of individuals over the age of 60. For these individuals, cataract surgery might not be required for several years, as new glasses can offer adequate visual clarity.

Cataract surgery becomes essential only when, even with the use of suitable glasses, the cataracts hinder daily visual activities such as reading, driving, engaging in hobbies, and ensuring safe mobility.

.

There are infrequent instances where cataract surgery is necessitated by other eye health issues, including narrow angles in the eye and discrepancies in glasses prescriptions between the two eyes.

Diabetic eye disease

Diabetes can impact your vision in various manners. Therefore, it is crucial to undergo a thorough eye examination immediately upon receiving a diabetes diagnosis, and to subsequently maintain regular eye check-ups.

It is essential to maintain these regular appointments, even in the absence of noticeable symptoms. The most effective method to avert vision loss is through early detection and treatment.

The retina is a layer of light-sensitive tissue located at the inner back of the eye. In individuals with diabetes, the retina may gradually sustain damage, leading to vision issues.

This condition is referred to as diabetic retinopathy, which can result in irreversible visual impairment if not detected and treated promptly.

The longer one has diabetes, the greater the likelihood of developing diabetic retinopathy.

 Additionally, your risk escalates if your diabetes is poorly managed or if you suffer from high blood pressure or elevated cholesterol levels.

Macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic and painless condition affecting the macula. The macula is located at the center of the retina, situated at the back of the eye.

AMD leads to a gradual decline in central vision. However, it preserves peripheral vision. This decline in central vision can hinder activities such as reading, watching television, and recognizing faces. On its own, AMD does not result in complete vision loss (total blindness).

 For some individuals, AMD progresses very slowly and may not affect their vision significantly. Conversely, for others, AMD can advance more rapidly, resulting in vision loss in one or both eyes.

 If you are diagnosed with AMD, it is crucial to regard any sudden changes in your vision as a medical emergency. Seek immediate attention from an optometrist or ophthalmologist.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma refers to a collection of eye disorders that result in vision impairment due to damage to the optic nerve. This condition leads to irreversible vision loss as a consequence of optic nerve damage. Typically, the deterioration of sight occurs gradually, and a significant portion of peripheral vision may be lost before any issues are recognized.

Regrettably, there is no available cure for glaucoma, and once vision loss occurs, it cannot be reversed. If not addressed, glaucoma progressively leads to irreversible vision loss and potential blindness.

The sole method for managing glaucoma is to adhere to the treatment plan prescribed by an eye care specialist. These treatments can help prevent additional vision loss. At present, the only recognized treatment for glaucoma involves reducing intraocular pressure to a safe level.

Regular follow-up appointments are essential for effective management of glaucoma.

Retinal detachment

Retinal detachment occurs when the tissue layer located at the back of the eye (the retina) becomes separated from the eyeball. This condition is more prevalent among individuals who are nearsighted.

This constitutes a medical emergency. The retina is responsible for your vision. If it sustains damage, you may experience vision loss. The symptoms of a detached retina include:

• light flashes and/or moving specks or cobwebs (floaters) from one eye
• Sudden loss of or change in vision – like a curtain pulled over their eye, or a shadow
• blurred vision or seeing an empty circle in front of you
• changes to peripheral vision

If you suspect that you are experiencing retinal detachment, please proceed to an emergency department without delay.

Corneal ulcer

A corneal ulcer refers to an open sore located on the cornea, which is the transparent dome that protects the colored iris of the eye.

Corneal ulcers are frequently the result of infections, particularly those that occur following a physical injury to the cornea.

 Symptoms may consist of a red, irritated, and painful eye, a sensation of a foreign body, blurred vision, and discharge.

Prompt medical intervention for a corneal ulcer reduces the likelihood of enduring damage to your vision.

Eye discharge

Discharge from the eyes could indicate the presence of an eye infection. Such infections may arise from various factors.

Common eye infections include:

• conjunctivitis
• blepharitis
• styes
• scratches or irritations caused by allergies to pollen, dust or smoke can also cause a discharge from your eyes

Blepharitis

Blepharitis refers to the inflammation of the edges of the eyelids. Typically, both eyes are involved. This condition manifests in two types: anterior (or front) and posterior (or back) of the eyelid edges.

The primary cause is a bacterial infection affecting the glands of the eyelids and the follicles of the eyelashes. Blepharitis can develop in individuals of all ages, including children and adults. The signs and symptoms associated with this condition include:

•  a feeling of “something in the eye”
• excessive or frothy tears
• itchiness
• excessive blinking
• photophobia (sensitivity to light)
• crusty or sticky eyelashes, particularly in the morning

Conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as ‘pink eye’, is a condition characterized by the pink or red discoloration of the white part of the eye. This occurs as a result of inflammation of the eye’s transparent outer layer, known as the conjunctiva, as well as the inner surface of the eyelid.

Conjunctivitis has the potential to be highly contagious, making it essential for a doctor, optometrist, or pharmacist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause to ensure appropriate treatment is administered.

In cases of bacterial conjunctivitis, there is often a yellow or green discharge from the eyes, which may cause the eyelids to adhere together. This condition can affect one or both eyes.

Conversely, in instances of viral or allergic conjunctivitis, the discharge is typically clear. Additionally, one may experience symptoms associated with hay fever, such as an itchy nose and sneezing.

Stye

A stye is a small, painful cyst located on the eyelid. It is typically caused by a bacterial infection at the base of an eyelash follicle.

The stye may feel sore and tender, potentially obstructing part of your vision until it resolves. Generally, styes will heal on their own within 1 to 3 weeks, without the need for treatment.

Uveitis

Uveitis refers to the inflammation occurring within the eyeball. This condition affects the uvea, which is a layer of blood vessels located inside the eyeball, beneath the sclera, or the white part of the eye.

Uveitis may result in symptoms such as redness, pain, floaters, light sensitivity, and blurred vision. In severe instances, it has the potential to harm the eye tissue and result in blindness.

Squint (strabismus or turned eye)

A squint, also known as strabismus, denotes a misalignment of the eyes. There are various types of squint; however, they can generally be categorized into the following groups:

• esotropias, where one eye turns in towards the nose
• exotropias, where the one eye turns outwards
• hypertropias and hypotropias, where one eye is higher (hypertropia) or lower (hypotropia) than the fellow eye.

Blocked tear ducts

Tears are produced to maintain moisture in the eye. Typically, they drain through a small opening located near the nose, found on both the upper and lower eyelids. Subsequently, they pass through a slender tube known as a tear duct before being expelled into the nose. This explains why your nose may run when you cry.

Approximately 1 in 20 infants are born with a blocked tear duct. This condition may arise if the duct is not fully developed or is excessively narrow, leading to a blockage.

Adults can also experience blocked tear ducts, often due to an infection. Other causes may include injuries and, on occasion, certain medications.

Keratoconus

Keratoconus is a condition of the eye that impacts the cornea, which serves as the transparent front surface of the eye.

Keratoconus arises when the cornea gradually alters its shape. While a healthy cornea typically has a dome-like form, in cases of keratoconus, it thins and takes on a conical shape. This alteration affects how the eyes focus light and can lead to visual distortion.

Keratoconus generally manifests in younger individuals, typically between the ages of 16 and 30, and continues to progress until around the age of 40. It often affects both eyes, although one eye may be more severely impacted than the other. If you observe any symptoms related to your eyes or notice changes in your vision, it is advisable to consult your optometrist or physician.

Twitching eye

The terms ‘twitching eye’ and ‘eye twitch’ refer to involuntary muscle spasms occurring in the eyelid. Generally, these spasms are mild and resolve independently. A twitching eye occurs when the eyelid muscles contract (spasm) involuntarily.

Numerous factors can cause eye twitches, including:

• stress
• fatigue
• bright lights
• irritation of the eye or inner eyelids
• smoking
• pollution
• excess caffeine or alcohol.

Eye twitches may persist for over a week or escalate in severity, particularly when the eyelid shuts for several seconds. Consult your physician if they endure beyond one week or if they intensify and are accompanied by additional symptoms.

Colour blindness

If you have color blindness, your perception of colors will differ from that of the majority of individuals.

Color blindness is a prevalent condition that can be diagnosed with ease and may not significantly impact your life.

The post Common Eye Diseases first appeared on LasikVision.

An intraocular lens is placed in the eye after the natural lens has become opaque due to cataract removal, aiming to restore vision to its best state. With technological advancements in cataract surgery, the types of intraocular lenses, known as IOLs, have experienced significant transformation. The initial IOL implanted in a human eye by Sir Harold Ridley in 1949 was constructed from acrylic material known as Perspex.

Intraocular lenses received approval as “safe and effective” in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) in 1981. Since that time, the variety of lenses available for implantation has undergone a remarkable transformation in the treatment of cataracts.

Types of Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)

The two most common types of lenses are:

1. Anterior Chamber Lenses (ACIOL): 

These lenses are positioned over the iris, which is the brown section of the eye. This placement does not reflect the natural physiological position of the eye’s lens, and this specific type of lens is not the recommended intraocular lens (IOL) following uncomplicated cataract surgery. Anterior chamber intraocular lenses (ACIOLs) are utilized when the posterior capsule of the lens is either deficient or compromised.

2. Posterior Chamber Lenses (PCIOL): 

These lenses are positioned over the remaining posterior capsule in the natural location of the eye’s lens and are considered the preferred option.

The remainder of this article will explore the primary categories of advanced PCIOLs that can be implanted following contemporary cataract surgery techniques, specifically phacoemulsification, Microincision cataract surgery, or Femtosecond laser cataract surgery. These lenses are collectively referred to as Premium IOLs.

Types of Premium IOLs

Premium IOLs are of three broad categories:

1. Monofocal Lenses

Monofocal lenses, in contrast to the eye’s natural lens, are designed to restore vision at only one distance, either for far or near sight. The strength of monofocal lenses is typically determined to ensure that the patient does not require glasses for distance vision. Following the implantation of a monofocal lens, you will likely need reading glasses or possibly bifocals, which accommodate both distance and near vision, based on your prior refractive error, particularly if you have astigmatism.

Below are the various types of monofocal lenses:

• Aurium (Monofocal):        Aurium monofocal lenses are produced by Medennium (USA). These lenses possess photochromatic properties, meaning they acquire a slight tint in daylight or bright conditions, thereby shielding against harmful UV rays. In typical indoor lighting, these lenses appear clear.
• Acrysof IQ (Monofocal): 

Acrysof IQ is a monofocal lens imported from Alcon (USA). These lenses offer outstanding distance vision. However, for near vision, individuals may need to use additional reading glasses. This lens incorporates a yellow pigment chromatophore that prevents harmful UV rays and blue light from penetrating the eye and causing damage to the retina.

• Aurovue(Monofocal): 

An Indian firm, Aurolab, produces Aurovue lenses. These lenses are regarded as basic options for cataract surgery and are suggested for individuals with limited financial resources.

• Akreos AO(Monofocal): 

Akreos AO lenses are comparable to Aurovue lenses. Nevertheless, these lenses are imported and produced by Bausch & Lomb (USA).

• Acrysof SP(Monofocal): .

Acrysof SP is a monofocal lens imported from Alcon (USA). These lenses are particularly favored among diabetic patients. Additionally, it is a suggested choice for individuals selecting a monofocal lens during standard phacoemulsification surgery.

2. Multifocal Lenses

Multifocal IOLs are lenses that provide a satisfactory restoration of vision for both near and far distances. When selecting an IOL, it is crucial to keep in mind that multifocal lenses grant you the convenience of not needing glasses for both near and distant vision, and they can be tailored to suit your active lifestyle.

.

Nevertheless, your physician will address the noticeable disadvantages of these lenses, specifically glare and a reduction in contrast sensitivity. If you prefer not to use glasses for either near or distant vision and wish to avoid the additional cost of a multifocal intraocular lens (IOL), your physician will talk to you about the option of monovision.

Following are the best multifocal lenses:

• Tecnis Symphony (Multifocal): 

Tecnis Symphony is a multifocal lens produced by Abbott (USA). This lens offers outstanding distance and intermediate vision, particularly for computer use.

• Zeiss Trifocal (Multifocal): 

Zeiss trifocal lenses are a type of multifocal lens produced by Zeiss (USA). They are the sole lenses that offer outstanding vision for near, intermediate, and distant viewing.

• iDiff (Multifocal): i

iDiff lenses are multifocal lenses produced by Care Group. These lenses offer clear vision for both near and far distances, allowing individuals to perform everyday tasks with distance vision and also engage in near activities like reading and writing comfortably without the need for additional glasses. However, it is important to note that iDiff lenses do not correct intermediate vision.

• Tridiff (Multifocal): 

Tridiff lenses are multifocal lenses produced by Care Group. These lenses offer excellent vision for near, intermediate, and distance viewing, allowing individuals to perform everyday tasks with ease. They facilitate distance vision, enable intermediate tasks like working on a laptop, and support near activities such as reading and writing comfortably, all without the need for additional assistance.

• Alcon Pantopix (Multifocal): This represents the most significant advancement in multi-focal lenses. The lens is designed to deliver outstanding vision for distant, immediate, and near objects.

3. Toric Lenses

It represents the most significant introduction of excellent vision for distance, immediate, and near sight. An eye possesses two types of power: spherical power, which arises from the natural lens within the eye, and cylinder power, which results from the asymmetry in the curvature of the cornea. Monofocal and Multifocal Lenses are designed to correct only the spherical component of the eye, leaving the cylinder power unaddressed, which must subsequently be corrected with additional prescription glasses. Toric Lenses, on the other hand, can rectify both the spherical and cylinder components of the eye. These lenses are particularly recommended for individuals with a high pre-existing cylinder or astigmatism.

Below are the recommended Toric lenses:

• Acrysof IQ (Toric): 

These lenses are specifically engineered to address astigmatism during cataract surgery. This particular lens is produced by Alcon (USA).

• Acrysof Toric (Toric): 

These lenses possess all the characteristics of Acrysof IQ, in addition to providing cylinder correction.

• Zeiss (Toric): The lens is produced by the German firm Carl Zeiss and is regarded as a standard for exceptional cylinder correction.

Which is the best lens for your eyes?

In the field of medicine, much like in life, there is no definitive best answer. Your physician will engage in a discussion with you regarding the possible advantages of each of these lenses, assisting you in choosing the one that is most appropriate for your lifestyle and visual requirements, in addition to your expectations from the cataract surgery.

Lifestyle and priorities: 

If you lead a highly active lifestyle that requires significant focus outdoors, such as in golf, you may find that your near vision is compromised while your distance vision remains unaffected. For frequent travelers, the desire to avoid reliance on glasses altogether may take precedence over achieving precision in both near and distance vision. Conversely, if you have a passion for sewing or embroidery, you will prioritize having excellent near vision.

Pre-existing diseases: 

In instances of specific eye conditions such as advanced glaucoma, corneal disorders, or age-related macular degeneration, you might not qualify as an ideal candidate for certain lenses, including the multifocal lens. Your eye care professional will conduct a thorough eye examination and review the findings and their significance with you, assisting you in selecting the most suitable lens for your vision needs.

Costs: 

These lenses incur a higher cost compared to conventional intraocular lenses (IOLs), contributing additional expenses to cataract surgery.

Generally, premium lenses are set at a price point that is typically not covered by insurance providers.

Dr. Shashi Kapoor at Kapoor Eye Centre possess extensive knowledge in the application of Premium IOLs after cataract surgery and have successfully implanted thousands of these lenses. Your ophthalmologist will gladly review all available options with you and assist in selecting the most suitable lens for your ocular health and visual requirements.

The post Cataract Lenses first appeared on LasikVision.

What is cataract surgery?

Cataract surgery is a form of eye surgery aimed at removing a cataract (a cloudy lens) to enhance your vision. Your eye functions similarly to a camera, possessing a lens that focuses light. This lens primarily consists of water and proteins. As a cataract develops, the proteins begin to degrade naturally, leading to a clouding and yellowing of the lens. The most prevalent cause of cataracts is aging. Nevertheless, various medical conditions, certain medications, injuries, and prior eye surgeries can also contribute to the formation of cataracts.

A cataract obstructs the proper passage of light through your lens. Consequently, you may experience symptoms such as blurred vision, halos surrounding bright lights, or double vision.

Cataract surgery involves the removal of the opaque lens and its replacement with a transparent, artificial lens. An ophthalmologist conducts the procedure and assists you in choosing the most suitable type of intraocular lens (IOL) for your needs.

The majority of individuals receive an intraocular lens (IOL) during their cataract surgery. IOLs are transparent, allowing light to pass through and be properly focused by the eye. These lenses provide various focusing powers to address both nearsightedness and farsightedness.

Your surgeon might also provide specialized intraocular lenses (IOLs) designed to address astigmatism and presbyopia. Although these lenses are not included in insurance coverage, they could reduce your reliance on glasses or contact lenses following your cataract surgery.

Cataract surgery is presently the sole established method for treating cataracts in adults. For the majority of individuals, the procedure successfully restores vision and is free from complications. It is a swift, outpatient operation that allows for a rapid recovery. You may only require surgery on one eye. In cases where cataracts in both eyes necessitate surgical intervention, your ophthalmologist will arrange for two surgeries spaced a week or two apart.

How painful is cataract surgery?

The majority of individuals experience minimal to no discomfort during or following cataract surgery. A topical anesthetic, in the form of eye drops, will be administered to numb your eye throughout the procedure. Shortly after the surgery, you may notice a gritty sensation or slight tenderness in your eye; however, over-the-counter pain relief medication should alleviate this discomfort.

Who needs cataract surgery?

Surgery may be necessary if cataracts in one or both eyes are leading to vision issues that disrupt your normal activities. Your eye care professional may also suggest cataract surgery if they require a view of the back of your eye to address other ocular conditions such as:

• Age-related macular degeneration.
• Diabetes-related retinopathy.

It is essential to understand that cataract surgery does not address vision loss caused by other conditions. Its sole purpose is to enhance vision loss resulting from cataracts.

How do I decide if it’s time for cataract surgery?

Cataracts do not constitute a medical emergency. Therefore, if you have recently been informed that you have cataracts, there is no need to feel hurried or compelled to arrange for surgery. Typically, you can postpone the surgery until it is most convenient for you.

When you initially observe symptoms of cataracts, obtaining a new prescription for glasses or contact lenses may provide some assistance. However, cataracts typically deteriorate progressively. Once cataracts hinder your ability to perform necessary or desired activities, it may be appropriate to consider surgical intervention. Consult with your eye surgeon regarding the optimal timing for surgery based on your specific circumstances.

How common is cataract surgery?

Cataract surgery ranks among the most frequently performed surgical procedures in both the United States and worldwide. It is estimated by researchers that annually, more than 3 million cataract surgeries are conducted in the U.S. alone, with approximately 20 million performed globally. Furthermore, nearly 50% of individuals who reach their 90s will require cataract surgery.

Treatment Details

How should I prepare for cataract surgery?

Prior to the day of your surgery, you will have a comprehensive eye examination with your ophthalmologist. This examination will include a thorough assessment by your ophthalmologist.

• Check your eye health.
• Look for any signs that you shouldn’t have surgery.
• Determine risk factors that could complicate your surgery.
• Measure your eye to find the correct focusing power for your IOL.
• Tell you if you need to use prescription eye drops.

Use this time to share any concerns or questions with your ophthalmologist. You may want to ask:

• What are the risks of surgery for me?
• What are the benefits for me?
• What type of IOL do you recommend for me?
• Will I need glasses or contacts after the surgery?
• How long will my recovery be?
• When can I expect to return to my usual activities?

You won’t be able to drive right after your surgery. So, be sure to ask someone to drive you to and from your surgery.

How is cataract surgery done?

Cataract surgery is an outpatient procedure. So, you can go home soon after the surgery ends.

To perform cataract surgery, your surgeon will:

1. Numb the surface of your eye.

This procedure is referred to as topical anesthesia. You will be administered eye drops in your eye to ensure that you do not experience any sensation during the surgery. Additionally, you may be given medication to assist in your relaxation. Although you will remain awake throughout the surgery, your vision will be limited to a spectrum of lights, preventing you from seeing any instruments approaching you.

2. Make a tiny incision in your cornea.

Your surgeon may utilize either a laser or a scalpel. Typically, the incision does not require sutures for closure.

3. Break up and remove the cataract.

The predominant method for achieving this is known as phacoemulsification. Your surgeon will employ ultrasound waves to fragment your lens into numerous small pieces. Subsequently, they will remove those fragments using suction.

4. Insert your new lens.

Your surgeon will place your new lens through the identical incision. The majority of IOLs are designed to fold for convenient insertion. Subsequently, your IOL expands into the area previously occupied by your cloudy lens.

5. Protect your eye.

Your surgeon will apply a protective shield (similar to an eye patch) over your eye to ensure its safety.

How long does cataract surgery take?

Cataract surgery typically lasts between 10 to 15 minutes. However, when factoring in preparation and recovery, your entire appointment may extend to several hours. It is advisable to inquire with your ophthalmologist about the expected duration so that you can inform the individual who will be driving you.

What can I expect after cataract surgery?

:

Once your surgery has been completed, your surgeon will observe you for a period of 15 to 30 minutes. They will also arrange your initial follow-up appointment. Following this, you will be able to return home.

 It is common for your vision to appear blurry immediately after the surgery. This is a normal occurrence. Over the course of the next few days and weeks, your vision will progressively enhance. Additional temporary side effects may also manifest.

• Gritty feeling in your eyes.
• Red or bloodshot eyes.
• Watery eyes.

Risks / Benefits

What are the benefits of cataract surgery?

Cataract surgery is the sole method to eliminate a cataract and enhance your vision. There are no medications or eye drops that have been shown to improve vision deterioration caused by cataracts.

After surgery, you can expect to:

• Enjoy sharper, clearer vision.
• Be less bothered by glare when looking at bright lights (such as when driving at night).
• See colors more vividly.
• Rely less on glasses, in some cases.

How successful is cataract surgery?

Cataract surgery is successful in improving vision in about 97% of people who have it.

What are the risks of this procedure?

Cataract surgery is a safe and commonly performed procedure. Complications during and following cataract surgery are infrequent when conducted by a skilled surgeon. However, your likelihood of experiencing complications may increase if you have specific eye disorders or medical issues

Possible risks of cataract surgery include:

• Eye bleeding or swelling.
• Ongoing eye pain.
• Blurred vision or vision loss.
• Visual disturbances, such as glare, halos and shadows.
• IOL displacement (your new lens moves out of place).
• Posterior capsular opacification (the membrane that holds your lens becomes cloudy).
• Retinal detachment, affecting 2 in 1,000 people.
• Infection, affecting fewer than 1 in 1,000 people.

Your ophthalmologist is capable of effectively managing the majority of these complications. Prior to your surgery, it is advisable to inquire with your ophthalmologist regarding your specific risk level. Additionally, ask about the methods they can employ to address any complications that might occur.

Recovery and Outlook

How long does it take to recover from cataract surgery?

In general, complete recovery from cataract surgery requires approximately four weeks. However, many individuals observe enhancements in their vision within just a few days. During this time, there should be minimal pain or discomfort.

How do I care for myself at home?

Your surgeon will provide you with instructions on how to care for yourself at home. It is advisable to inquire with your surgeon for specific information regarding when you may:

• Drive.
• Swim.
• Wear eye makeup.
• Exercise.
• Bend over.
• Lift heavy objects.
• Return to work or other activities.

Resume work or engage in other activities. You might consider having a family member or friend accompany you to receive this information. Alternatively, you can request your surgeon to document it for you. Here are some general recommendations for your return home:

• Use eye drops as your surgeon recommends.
• Don’t get water, shampoo or soap in your eye.
• Don’t rub or put pressure on your eye.
• Wear sunglasses when you go outside.
• Wear your eye shield when you sleep and other times as your surgeon recommends.

When To Call the Doctor

When should I call my healthcare provider?

Call your ophthalmologist right away if you experience:

• Eye pain or redness
• Crusting or mucous discharge around your eye.
• Worsening vision or vision loss.
• Eye floaters or flashes.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

The prospect of undergoing surgery often induces anxiety in many individuals. If you have been informed that you may require cataract surgery — a procedure aimed at removing a cataract (a cloudy lens) to enhance your vision — you may be contemplating what your vision will be like post-surgery and what the recovery process entails. Take solace in knowing that millions of individuals undergo cataract surgery annually. Furthermore, the overwhelming majority experience enhanced vision without any complications.

As with any surgical procedure, it is essential to bring all of your inquiries to your healthcare provider. Obtain the necessary information to feel comfortable with this choice. Each individual’s medical history and ocular health vary, making it crucial to discuss with your provider what you can anticipate in your specific circumstances.

The post Cataract Surgery first appeared on LasikVision.

What is Conjunctivitis?

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye, is referred to as conjunctivitis. This condition results in the eye appearing red. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs as a result of an allergy. The substances that trigger allergies are known as allergens. Every person has an allergy to one or more substances present in their environment. Common allergens include dried grass, pollen grains, and others. The list of allergens is extensive and varies from person to person. When an individual who is susceptible to allergies is exposed to these allergens, it leads to the release of certain chemicals in the tissues, such as histamines, by allergy-mediating cells like mast cells. This reaction results in symptoms such as itching, redness, and tearing of the eyes. Unlike traditional red eye or infective conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious.

Symptoms and Signs of Conjunctivitis

Below we have mentioned some of the many signs of allergic conjunctivitis:

·         Itching

·         Watery eyes

·         Redness & swelling

·         Foreign body sensation

·         Discomfort to light

How can it be diagnosed?

A routine examination conducted by an ophthalmologist is adequate. Certain indicators are particularly indicative of allergic conjunctivitis, such as papillae, ropy discharge, and limbal hyperplasia. To identify specific allergens, an allergy test may be performed on individuals susceptible to generalized systemic allergies, including asthma, eczema, and atopy. However, such tests are generally not advised, as avoiding these allergens can be quite challenging in everyday life.

List of allergens

·         Pollen grains

·         Dust

·         Cosmetics (Kajal, eye liners, Mascara etc)

·         Air pollution

·         Smokes

·         Eye drops (used for longer period like Anti glaucoma drops etc.)

Types of Allergic Conjunctivitis

·         Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis & perennial allergic conjunctivitis (Most common types)

·         Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (More common in Children)

·         Giant papillary conjunctivitis (More common in daily contact lens users)

·         Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis (Hypersensitivity to Staph. Aureus, TB bacilli)

How can it be treated? Know More About Allergic Conjunctivitis Treatment.

Before addressing the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, it is essential to recognize that a complete cure for allergies is unattainable; however, the symptoms can be alleviated through medication. Rubbing the eyes due to itching can cause more harm than the allergy itself, thus it is crucial to refrain from excessive eye rubbing.

The ideal treatment involves avoiding allergens, but this is often easier said than done, as it can significantly disrupt one’s lifestyle and overall quality of life. The duration of allergic conjunctivitis is influenced by the type, severity, and the treatment administered, along with adherence to the prescribed regimen.

 Medications available in the form of eye drops, such as mast cell stabilizers (Olopatadine, Sodium Cromoglycate), antihistamines (Ketotifen, Bepotastine), NSAIDs (ketorolac), steroids (loteprednol, FML, Difluprednate, Prednisolone, etc.), and immune modulators (Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus eye ointment), are effective in managing allergic conjunctivitis.

It is important to consult an ophthalmologist before initiating any eye drop treatment to prevent potential side effects.

Wearing sunglasses outdoors and applying cold compresses can help relieve allergic symptoms and act as effective home remedies for eye itching.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Conjunctivitis

What are some home remedies for different types of eye allergies?

As previously stated, there are four categories of eye allergies or allergic conjunctivitis. At the first sign of any symptoms related to an allergic eye, it is imperative to contact your ophthalmologist promptly for professional medical guidance. Given their expertise and access to appropriate tools, they will guarantee that you obtain the most effective treatment.

Nonetheless, there are various home remedies available for treating conjunctivitis, which may or may not yield positive results. Below, we have listed several remedies that you may consider trying:

• Consider using cold compresses on the eye to reduce the impact of the allergic reaction.

• If you possess lubricating eye drops at your residence, consider utilizing them, as they can help eliminate the allergens that have entered your eyes.

What are the differences between four types of allergic conjunctivitis?

There are four categories of allergic conjunctivitis: perennial allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, giant papillary conjunctivitis, and phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Each type of allergic eye condition is described below in a concise yet comprehensive manner:

• Perennial allergic conjunctivitis: This pertains to the inflammatory reaction that is abruptly initiated by contact with allergens such as animal dander, pollen, and various other antigens. Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, which persists for fewer than 4 weeks, constitutes the majority of ocular allergy cases.
• Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: 

This condition is a bilateral, seasonally occurring, and acute type of allergic inflammation that impacts the ocular surface. Compared to other forms of allergic conjunctivitis, it has the potential to inflict severe harm on the ocular surface of the eye, which may result in vision impairment or corneal scarring.

• Giant papillary conjunctivitis: This form of allergic eye condition results in redness, irritation, and swelling of the membrane lining within the eyelids. It is crucial to remember that individuals with an artificial eye or those who wear contact lenses are at the greatest risk of developing giant papillary conjunctivitis.
• Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis: 

Nodular inflammation affecting the conjunctiva or cornea of the eye is referred to as phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. This form of allergic eye response typically arises from an abrupt hypersensitivity reaction to specific antigens.

What are bacterial and viral conjunctivitis?

The majority of conjunctivitis cases are attributed to herpes simplex and adenovirus. These two types may present alongside respiratory infections and other cold-related symptoms, such as a sore throat. Conversely, wearing unclean contact lenses increases the risk of developing bacterial conjunctivitis.

Both viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are contagious, as they can be transmitted through both direct and indirect contact with the fluid found in the eye of an infected individual.

How to prevent the spread of allergic conjunctivitis?

It is essential to maintain proper hygiene in order to manage the transmission of allergic conjunctivitis. Below, we have meticulously compiled a list of preventive strategies you can implement to prevent pink eye from occurring:

• Do not share washcloths or towels
• Wash your hands and do not touch your eyes
• Try to change your pillow covers between intervals
• Abstain from sharing personal eye care items and eye cosmetics

The post Conjuctivitis – Allergic Eye Condition first appeared on LasikVision.

Taking care of your Eye Health

Maintaining eye health and safeguarding your vision involves a variety of proactive measures. Regular eye examinations, a balanced diet rich in vitamins, and protecting your eyes from harmful UV rays are essential steps. Additionally, managing screen time and ensuring proper lighting while reading can significantly contribute to overall eye wellness.

Get a comprehensive dilated eye exam

A dilated eye exam is a straightforward and painless procedure, and it represents the most effective measure you can take to safeguard your eye health.

 Even if your vision seems fine, underlying issues may exist without any noticeable symptoms, as many eye conditions can develop silently.

This type of examination is essential for the early detection of various eye diseases, allowing for timely intervention when treatment is most effective.

Find out if you’re at risk for eye diseases

As you age, the likelihood of developing certain eye diseases increases. Additionally, your risk may be elevated if you have specific health conditions or lifestyle factors.

• Are overweight or obese
• Have a family history of eye disease
• Are African American, Hispanic, or Native American

Certain health issues, such as diabetes and hypertension, can elevate the likelihood of developing various eye diseases. For instance, individuals with diabetes face an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy, a serious condition that can lead to significant vision impairment or even blindness.

If you have concerns about your risk for certain eye diseases, it is advisable to consult your doctor. They can provide guidance on potential measures to reduce your risk.

Know your family’s health history. 

It is important to discuss any eye health issues with your family members, as certain eye conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma, can be hereditary. Make sure to inform your eye doctor about any family history of eye diseases, as this information can be crucial for your eye care and preventive measures.

Take care of your health

Maintaining your overall health significantly contributes to the well-being of your eyes. It is essential to make informed lifestyle choices and prioritize self-care to support eye health effectively.

Maintaining healthy habits, such as a balanced diet and regular physical activity, can significantly reduce your risk of developing diseases and conditions that may affect your eyesight, including diabetes and hypertension. To promote optimal vision, it is essential to adopt these practices consistently.

Eat healthy foods. 

Incorporating a variety of dark, leafy greens such as spinach, kale, and collard greens into your diet is essential for maintaining good health. Additionally, consuming fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, including salmon, tuna, and halibut, can also benefit your eye health significantly.

Get active. 

Engaging in regular physical activity is essential for maintaining good health. It also plays a significant role in reducing the risk of various health issues that can adversely affect eye health and vision, such as diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol levels.

Quit smoking. Smoking isn’t just bad for your lungs —

Smoking poses significant risks not only to lung health but also to vision. It heightens the likelihood of developing serious eye conditions such as macular degeneration and cataracts, and it can also damage the optic nerve.

Protect your eyes

Taking simple daily actions can significantly contribute to maintaining your eye health. It is essential to implement strategies that shield your eyes from potential harm. By following these guidelines, you can effectively safeguard your vision and promote overall ocular well-being.

Wear sunglasses. 

Protect your eyes from harmful sun exposure by wearing sunglasses, even on overcast days. It is essential to choose sunglasses that provide 99 to 100 percent protection against both UVA and UVB rays to ensure optimal eye safety.

Wear protective eyewear. 

Safety glasses and goggles are essential for protecting your eyes during various activities, such as sports, construction work, or home repairs. These protective eyewear options are readily available at most eye care providers and select sporting goods stores.

Give your eyes a rest. 

Prolonged exposure to a computer screen can lead to eye fatigue. To alleviate this strain, it is advisable to take a break every 20 minutes by focusing on an object approximately 20 feet away for a duration of 20 seconds. This simple practice can help refresh your eyes and reduce discomfort.

If you wear contacts, take steps to prevent eye infections. 

It is essential to wash your hands thoroughly before inserting or removing your contact lenses. Additionally, ensure that you regularly disinfect your lenses and replace them as needed to maintain eye health. For more consultation on how to take careof your eyes kindly visit www.lasikvision.in or visit Kapoor Eye Centre

The post Keep Your Eyes Healthy first appeared on LasikVision.

Dry eye disease is a prevalent condition characterized by insufficient lubrication of the eyes due to inadequate or poor-quality tear production. Various factors can contribute to this tear instability, leading to inflammation and damage to the ocular surface. As a result, individuals may experience discomfort and irritation.

Those suffering from dry eyes often report sensations of stinging or burning. Symptoms can be exacerbated in specific environments, such as during air travel, in air-conditioned spaces, while cycling, or after prolonged screen time.

These situations can intensify the feeling of dryness and discomfort. To alleviate the symptoms of dry eyes, various treatments are available, including lifestyle modifications and the use of eye drops.

It is important to note that ongoing management may be necessary to effectively control the symptoms and improve overall comfort.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms, which usually affect both eyes, may include:

• A stinging, burning or scratchy sensation in your eyes
• Stringy mucus in or around your eyes
• Sensitivity to light
• Eye redness
• A sensation of having something in your eyes
• Difficulty wearing contact lenses
• Difficulty with night time driving
• Watery eyes, which is the body’s response to the irritation of dry eyes
• Blurred vision or eye fatigue

When to see a doctor

If you are experiencing persistent symptoms of dry eyes, such as redness, irritation, fatigue, or discomfort, it is advisable to consult your healthcare provider. They can assess your condition to identify the underlying issues affecting your eyes or refer you to a specialist for further evaluation.

Causes

Dry eyes can result from various factors that interfere with the integrity of the tear film, which consists of three essential layers: fatty oils, aqueous fluid, and mucus. This layered structure is crucial for maintaining the lubrication, smoothness, and clarity of the eye’s surface.

Any disruption in one or more of these layers can lead to the discomfort associated with dry eyes. Several underlying issues can contribute to tear film dysfunction, including hormonal fluctuations, autoimmune disorders, inflammation of the eyelid glands, or allergic reactions affecting the eyes. In some individuals, dry eyes may stem from reduced tear production or an increase in tear evaporation, highlighting the complexity of this condition.

Tear glands and tear ducts

The tear glands located above each eyeball, called the lacrimal glands, continuously supply tear fluid that’s wiped across the surface of your eye each time you blink your eyelids. Excess fluid drains through the tear ducts into the nose.

The lacrimal glands, situated above each eye, continuously produce tear fluid that spreads across the eye’s surface with every blink. Any excess fluid is drained through the tear ducts into the nasal cavity.

Decreased tear production

Dry eyes occur when the body fails to produce sufficient tears, known as aqueous fluid. This condition is medically referred to as keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Various factors can lead to a reduction in tear production, contributing to the discomfort associated with dry eyes.

• Aging

Various medical conditions can contribute to eye-related issues, including Sjogren’s syndrome, allergic eye disease, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, graft-versus-host disease, sarcoidosis, thyroid disorders, and vitamin A deficiency.

Certain medications, such as antihistamines, decongestants, hormone replacement therapies, antidepressants, and those prescribed for high blood pressure, acne, birth control, and Parkinson’s disease, are noteworthy for their various therapeutic applications.

Corneal nerve desensitivity can occur due to the use of contact lenses, nerve damage, or laser eye surgery. While this condition may lead to symptoms of dry eyes, it is important to note that these symptoms are typically temporary following the procedure.

Increased tear evaporation

The oil film created by the meibomian glands located at the edges of the eyelids can become obstructed. This blockage is particularly prevalent among individuals with rosacea or other skin conditions.

Common causes of increased tear evaporation include:

• Posterior blepharitis (meibomian gland dysfunction)

Certain conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease, can lead to reduced blinking frequency. This phenomenon may also occur during activities that require intense concentration, including reading, driving, or working on a computer.

Eyelid issues can manifest in various forms, including ectropion, where the eyelids turn outward, and entropion, characterized by the eyelids turning inward. These conditions can lead to discomfort and may require medical attention to address the associated symptoms and prevent further complications.

• Eye allergies
• Preservatives in topical eye drops
• Wind, smoke or dry air
• Vitamin A deficiency

Risk factors

Factors that make it more likely that you’ll experience dry eyes include:

As individuals age, particularly those over 50, the production of tears often decreases, leading to a higher prevalence of dry eye conditions. This age-related change makes dry eyes more common among this demographic.

Women may experience a reduced ability to produce tears, particularly during periods of hormonal fluctuations such as pregnancy, the use of birth control pills, or menopause.

A diet deficient in vitamin A, which is abundant in foods such as , carrots, and broccoli, or lacking in omega-3 fatty acids, commonly found in fish, walnuts, and various vegetable oils, can lead to nutritional imbalances.

Individuals who wear contact lenses or have undergone refractive surgery should take note of their eye care needs.

Complications

People who have dry eyes may experience these complications:

• Eye infections. 

Tears play a crucial role in safeguarding the surface of your eyes from infections. A deficiency in tear production can elevate the likelihood of developing eye infections.

• Damage to the surface of your eyes.

Severe dry eyes, if not addressed, can result in significant complications such as eye inflammation, corneal surface abrasions, corneal ulcers, and ultimately, vision loss.

• Decreased quality of life. 

Dry eyes can hinder the ability to engage in routine tasks, such as reading.

Prevention

To manage dry eyes effectively, it is essential to identify the specific situations that trigger your symptoms. By recognizing these triggers, you can take proactive measures to avoid them, thereby reducing the likelihood of experiencing discomfort associated with dry eyes.

• Avoid air blowing in your eyes. 

It is advisable to avoid directing hair dryers, car heaters, air conditioners, or fans towards your eyes.

• Add moisture to the air. 

During the winter months, a humidifier serves to introduce moisture into the dry air found indoors.

• Consider wearing wraparound sunglasses or other protective eyewear. 

Safety shields can be incorporated into the tops and sides of eyeglasses to effectively block wind and dry air. It is advisable to inquire about the availability of these shields at the point of purchase for your eyeglasses.

• Take eye breaks during long tasks. 

To maintain visual health during activities that demand focus, it is essential to take regular breaks for your eyes. Consider closing your eyes for a few minutes or blinking rapidly for several seconds to help distribute tears evenly across the surface of your eyes. These simple practices can alleviate strain and promote comfort during prolonged periods of concentration.

• Be aware of your environment. 

The atmosphere at high elevations, in arid regions, and aboard aircraft can often be quite dry. To alleviate the discomfort associated with such conditions, it is advisable to periodically close your eyes for a few minutes. This practice can help reduce the evaporation of tears, thereby providing some relief to your eyes.

• Position your computer screen below eye level. 

Positioning your computer screen below eye level can help reduce the extent to which you need to open your eyes to see the display. When the screen is set higher, you tend to widen your eyes more, which can lead to increased evaporation of tears between blinks. By adjusting the screen’s height, you may promote better eye moisture retention and overall comfort during prolonged use.

• Stop smoking and avoid smoke. 

If you are a smoker, consider consulting your healthcare provider to create a personalized plan to quit smoking that is most effective for you. For those who do not smoke, it is advisable to avoid exposure to individuals who do, as secondhand smoke can exacerbate symptoms of dry eyes.

• Use artificial tears regularly.

To manage chronic dry eyes effectively, it is advisable to use eye drops regularly, even when your eyes feel comfortable. This practice helps ensure that your eyes remain adequately lubricated at all times.

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